Coral reefs, mangroves and seagrasses: a sourcebook for managers Abstract Already 11% of all coral reefs have been damaged beyond recovery or totally destroyed. Another 16% were wrecked in 1998 by climate change related coral bleaching. Without effective management, another 30% of the world’s reefs will become seriously depleted in the next 20 to 40 years – which is a very short time in human history. While this damage is occurring all over the world, the causes are mostly local – what is happening at each site….
